Russia’s Shtorm-Z ‘elite’ offensive units are penal battalions of convicts

According to the UK MoD, there is a realistic possibility that Russia originally envisioned Shtorm-Z, which were initially company-sized groups likely first fielded in 2022, as relatively elite formations that could seize the tactical initiative. However, since at least spring 2023, these units have effectively become penal battalions, manned with convicts and regular troops on disciplinary charges. Multiple accounts suggest that Shtorm-Z units are given the lowest priority for logistical and medical support, while repeatedly being ordered to attack.

Shtorm Z units are also reportedly modeled after Russia’s Wagner mercenary company’s recruiting efforts in Russian prisons – with convicts motivated by the prospect of reduced sentences and financial incentives.