Since 2022, Russian cruise missiles typically had antennae with only four signal receivers. The upgraded ones now include 16 elements. Satellite navigation serves only as an auxiliary tool for these missiles, primary guidance comes from the terrain contour matching system known as TERCOM, which helps the missile’s inertial navigation system pinpoint coordinates more precisely. Among Russian cruise missiles, the Iskander-K has demonstrated the highest accuracy.
The report noted that the new 16-element Kometa‑M antenna is better protected from electronic warfare (EW) systems. Analysts said the antenna functions like a digital grid, “filtering out” interference signals. To successfully jam it, it would take as many signal interference sources as the antenna has receivers.
In the past, these 16-element antennae were installed only on missiles that rely solely on satellite navigation. Their use on the Iskander‑K may suggests that Russia is increasingly leaning on satellite systems for guidance.
The report also noted that such controlled reception pattern antennae (CRPA) are relatively expensive, with costs reaching tens of thousands of dollars. Nevertheless, Russia is installing them on nearly all its long-range missiles.
Moreover, Russia has begun using not only its domestically produced Kometa‑M antennae but also Chinese-made CRPA antennas to enhance the guidance of its weapons. These devices are also installed on UAVs, including kamikaze drones, analysts said.
Experts believe this development could mark a new phase in the arms race between EW systems and the navigation devices built into modern weaponry.